Early diagnosis and timely treatment of lung cancer are essential to reduce lung cancer-related mortality [1,2]. Over the past decades, advances in CT technology and the implementation of lung cancer screening programs have markedly increased the detection of pulmonary nodules [3,4]. Histological confirmation remains crucial and is typically obtained via bronchoscopy biopsy or CT-guided procedures, such as fine-needle aspiration and percutaneous lung biopsy [5]. Bronchoscopy is generally preferr…
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Contrast enhancement potential of food-based imaging agents in cholangiopancreatography and digestive tract investigations using MRI: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis
Contrast agents have diverse functions depending on the imaging technique and clinical examination. In clinical radiology, the importance of contrast media is widely acknowledged for greatly increasing diagnostic confidence across different tissues to precisely identify pathologies [1,2,3,4]. Their mechanism of action relates to their active base components; for instance, those containing gadolinium are mainly used in MRI, while iodine and barium-based agents are employed in fluoroscopy and CT s…
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Deep learning image reconstruction improves 40 keV virtual monoenergetic image quality in rectal cancer
In 2022, colorectal cancer was the third most prevalent cancer globally and the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality [1]. Accurate preoperative diagnosis and staging are critical for determining personalized treatment strategies and improving patient outcomes [2]. Specifically, precise staging allows clinicians to select the most appropriate therapies based on individual disease characteristics, thereby optimizing both short-term and long-term patient management (Fig. 1).
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Safety and preliminary efficacy of percutaneous co-ablation system under local anesthesia for the treatment of malignant lung tumors: A retrospective cohort study
Image-guided thermal ablation (IGTA) is a precise, minimally invasive technique that has been widely applied in treating both primary and metastatic lung cancers [1–3]. For patients with early-stage lung cancer who are not surgical candidates, non-surgical local treatments like stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) and IGTA provide tumor control rates comparable to surgery, with a favorable safety profile [4–6]. Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and microwave ablation (MWA) are the most commonl…
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Artificial intelligence performance in image-based biliary atresia identification: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Biliary atresia (BA) is a rare, progressive fibrosclerosing disorder of neonates, characterized by inflammatory obstruction of the extrahepatic and intrahepatic biliary ducts [1–5]. Epidemiological studies report that BA affects approximately 1 in 8000 to 18,000 live births, with a higher prevalence observed among Asian and African populations compared to European cohorts [6]. The incidence varies geographically, with rates reported as 1 in 8000 to 15,000 live births in Japan [7], 1 in 15,000 in…
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Advances in the pathogenesis of pulsatile tinnitus induced by sigmoid sinus wall abnormalities: A narrative review
Pulsatile tinnitus (PT) is a common symptom encountered in both otology and neurology, characterized by the perception of rhythmic noise synchronized with the heartbeat [1–3]. Persistent PT can negatively impact both mental and physical health, even leading to functional and structural cerebral changes [4,5]. Based on the underlying causes, PT can be divided into arterial, venous, and neoplastic types, with venous PT being the most prevalent [6–9]. A small sample study reported that among 49 pat…
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CEM in women prospectively assessed for screening recalls: Per-breast diagnostic performance with 3-year or longer follow-up
Population-based screening mammography has been proven to reduce breast cancer (BC) mortality by over 40 % [1,2]. In the current workflow, women recalled for further assessment of suspicious findings at first-level examinations undergo additional mammographic views, ultrasound, digital breast tomosynthesis, or even magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to clarify suspicious findings [3]. However, these modalities and their combinations are limited by suboptimal specificity, referring to needle biopsy…
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Establishing updated diagnostic reference levels for interventional radiology: a national Italian survey incorporating procedure complexity Indices
The interventional radiology approach has seen significant advancements in the treatment of both vascular and non-vascular pathologies, largely due to: the evolution of new therapeutic tools,technological progresses, shorter hospitalization times, less risks for patients when the optimisation principle is adequately implemented and less costs compared to invasive surgery.
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Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and progressive pulmonary fibrosis: correlation between radiological progression criteria and pulmonary function tests
With the increasing use of antifibrotic therapies for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and progressive pulmonary fibrosis (PPF) in non-IPF interstitial lung diseases (ILDs), radiological evaluation has become essential for diagnosis, treatment planning, and monitoring disease progression [1]. Although pulmonary function tests (PFTs) guide treatment decisions and assess disease progression, their reliability is limited by variability related to patient or technician factors [2,3]. Therefore, r…