BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:
Intra-arterial chemotherapy (IAC) is a potent treatment for patients with pediatric retinoblastoma (RB). Ophthalmic artery (OA) navigation via the ICA can be technically challenging; and in cases with robust anastomoses to the OA from the middle meningeal artery (MMA), the latter may serve as an alternative route. Our study evaluates the ability of preprocedural MRA to identify OA variants and the presence of MMA-to-OA/lacrimal artery (LA) anastomoses to enhance successfu…
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Preoperative MRA for Patients with Retinoblastoma Undergoing Intra-Arterial Chemotherapy [CLINICAL]
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Photon-Counting Detector CT for Lenticulostriate Arteries: Comparison with Energy-Integrating Detector CT and Reconstruction Mode Optimization [RESEARCH]
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:
Lenticulostriate arteries (LSAs) are micro but clinically critical perforating vessels that remain difficult to visualize using conventional techniques. This study aimed to conduct a preliminary comparison of the visualization of LSAs in head and neck CTA with photon-counting detector CT (PCD-CT) with 4 reconstruction modes.MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This retrospective study included patients who underwent head and neck CTA with PCD-CT between January 2024 and May 2024 and … -
Enhanced Spinal Cord Lesion Detection in MS Using White-Matter-Nulled 3D MPRAGE with Deep Learning Reconstruction [ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE]
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:
Spinal cord (SC) lesions are critical in MS diagnosis and progression, yet their detection remains challenging. Conventional sequences such as 2D T2-weighted FSE and STIR have suboptimal sensitivity, both in the cervical and thoracic spine. This study evaluated the diagnostic performance of a new imaging technique for SC lesion detection, the 3D white-matter-nulled (WMn) MPRAGE sequence, compared with conventional MRI sequences.MATERIALS AND METHODS:
Thirty-eight patien… -
Early Life Resting-State Network Functional Connectivity and Long-Term Neurodevelopmental Outcomes after Neonatal Encephalopathy [RESEARCH]
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:
Neonatal encephalopathy (NE) is a risk factor for long-term neurodevelopmental impairments, and early measures of brain function may help understand which survivors are most at risk. This study investigates the relationship between resting-state network (RSN) functional connectivity (FC) in the first week of life and long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes after NE.MATERIALS AND METHODS:
A prospective cohort of therapeutic hypothermia-treated neonates ≥36 weeks gestati… -
Suggested Parameters for Clinical Infant Brain Imaging Using an Ultra-Low-Field Portable MRI System [ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE]
SUMMARY:
Infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) can face barriers to access MRI of the brain including presence of assistive devices that are not MRI safe or conditional and staff resources needed to transport sick infants. An ultra-low-field (0.064T) portable MRI system has the ability to improve access by allowing infants to be scanned directly in the NICU eliminating the need to transport infants to the MRI scanner. However, the scanning parameters for ultra-low-field portable MRI… -
Contralateral Brain Region Exhibits a Hemispheric Difference in Brain Dynamic Functional Connectivity in Patients with Chronic ICA Occlusion [RESEARCH]
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:
Many imaging studies focused on the assessment of volume atrophy, structural damage, and abnormal functional connectivity (FC) in patients with carotid artery stenosis disease. Our purpose was to investigate the differences in dynamic functional connectivity within the contralateral brain in patients with chronic ICA occlusion using resting-state fMRI.MATERIALS AND METHODS:
In this trial, 21 patients with chronic occlusion of the ICA (17 men and 4 women) and 11 patients… -
Evaluation of [11C]CS1P1 in Healthy Young and Older Adults [RESEARCH]
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:
Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1) is a key regulator of neuroinflammation and plays a crucial role in multiple neurodegenerative diseases. [11C]CS1P1 is a novel PET tracer for measuring expression levels of S1PR1 in humans. Before widespread application, its quantification must be established and evaluated in healthy young and old adults through characterization of binding topographies, kinetics, and tracer metabolism rates.MATERIALS AND METHODS:
We acquired dy… -
Deep Learning-Based Acceleration in MRI: Current Landscape and Clinical Applications in Neuroradiology [ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE]
SUMMARY:
MRI is a cornerstone of neuroimaging, providing unparalleled soft-tissue contrast. However, its clinical utility is often limited by long acquisition times, which contribute to motion artifacts, patient discomfort, and increased costs. Although traditional acceleration techniques, such as parallel imaging and compressed sensing help reduce scan times, they may reduce SNR and introduce artifacts. The advent of deep learning–based image reconstruction (DLBIR) may help in several way… -
Visualization of Nerve Pathology and Correlation with Clinical Severity in Bell Palsy Using 3D Double-Echo Steady-State with Water Excitation Sequence [RESEARCH]
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:
Bell palsy (BP) is the most common cause of facial nerve (FN) palsy. This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic ability of the 3D double-echo steady-state with water excitation (3D-DESS-WE) sequence to visualize pathologic changes in the FN of patients with BP.MATERIALS AND METHODS:
We retrospectively analyzed 30 patients with BP who underwent 3T MRI including 3D-DESS-WE within 30 days of onset and 60 sex- and age (SD, 2) matched controls. Qualitative evaluation of … -
Beyond Recanalization: Machine Learning-Based Insights into Postthrombectomy Vascular Morphology in Patients with Stroke [ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE]
SUMMARY:
Many patients with stroke have poor outcomes despite successful endovascular therapy (EVT). We hypothesized that machine learning (ML)–based analysis of vascular changes post-EVT could identify macrovascular perfusion deficits such as residual hypoperfusion and distal emboli. Patients with anterior circulation large vessel occlusion stroke, pre- and post-EVT MRI, and successful recanalization (modified TICI 2b/3) were included. An ML algorithm extracted vascular features from pre-…