Disproportionate atherosclerotic burden in the left anterior descending coronary artery in participants without standard modifiable cardiovascular risk factors: The multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis (MESA)

Standard modifiable cardiovascular risk factors (SMuRF) have been identified for coronary artery disease (CAD) and targeted in primary prevention efforts, resulting in significantly improved outcomes. However, an increasing proportion of individuals present with ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in the absence of conventionally elevated levels of modifiable risk factors (“SMuRFless”), with significantly worse short-term outcomes. Culprit lesions of the left anterior descending artery (L…

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