Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is currently the most common chronic liver disease, affecting approximately 25% of the global population [1]. With the rising prevalence of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome, NAFLD is increasingly recognized as a hepatic manifestation of systemic metabolic dysfunction. Accordingly, an international consensus has proposed the term metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) to better reflect its metabolic basis and clini…