Arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is a rare congenital vascular malformation that involves abnormal connections between arteries and veins, with an annual incidence of 0.24 cases per 100,000 population [1,2]. Given that surgical resection is often limited by the complex angioarchitecture and anatomical location of AVMs, transcatheter embolization has evolved as the treatment of choice [3–7]. Due to high recurrence risks, long-term image follow-up is necessary for evaluating treatment response and…