Hip fractures are a severe consequence of osteoporosis, posing substantial health risks to older adults worldwide [1,2]. By 2050, the global number of hip fractures among older adults is projected to reach 4.5 million [3], with 20-24 % of patients dying within 1 year of hip fracture [2,4] and most survivors failing to regain pre-fracture functional levels [5].Therefore, early identification of individuals at high risk is essential for implementing preventive strategies.