Optimizing knee MRI: 3D proton density turbo spin echo nDixon sequence vs. 2D high-resolution turbo spin echo in half the acquisition time

Two-dimensional (2D) multiplanar turbo spin-echo (TSE) acquisitions have been the gold standard in knee MRI for decades [1,2]. Although TSE MRI has been accelerated by parallel and simultaneous multi-slice imaging with an acquisition time as low as 5 min, three-dimensional (3D) MRI has become an integral part of clinical protocols [3]. The initial application of 3D MRI was to evaluate articular cartilage, detecting small chondral lesions that were difficult to detect on 2D imaging due to partial…

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