Longitudinal fluctuations in reported background parenchymal enhancement on contrast enhanced mammography

Contrast-enhanced mammography (CEM) combines low-energy and recombined images, enabling both anatomic and vascular assessments of the breast, respectively [1]. Beyond its diagnostic utility [2–5], CEM also provides prognostic markers derived from its components, mammographic density (MD) and background parenchymal enhancement (BPE) [6], both of which hold clinical implications for diagnostic accuracy and breast cancer risk.

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