Coronary CT angiography (CCTA) is widely accepted as a first-line diagnostic modality in patients with suspected coronary artery disease (CAD) due to its excellent negative predictive value and high diagnostic accuracy [1–3]. Reliable intravascular enhancement is essential for high-quality CCTA and is typically achieved by intravenous injection of iodinated contrast media (CM) [4]. However, contrast media distribution and vascular attenuation are strongly influenced by patient-specific factors, …