Primary liver cancer was the sixth most common cancer and the third leading cause of death worldwide in 2020 [1], and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents the leading primary malignant liver tumor with a poor prognosis. Microvascular invasion (MVI) is an independent predictor closely associated with aggressive biological behavior and poor outcomes [2]. The preoperative identification of MVI status is clinically important to optimize HCC treatment strategies and improve long-term survival, i…