Lung cancer remains the deadliest cancer in the world, accounting for 18 % of cancer-related deaths in 2020 [1]. The use of low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) in lung cancer screening (LCS) for high-risk populations has successfully reduced lung cancer-specific mortality by detecting more early stage cancers [2–4]. Motivated by this evidence, several countries are now implementing LDCT LCS programs [5–8].