Hepatic malignancies constitute a formidable global health challenge, ranking as the sixth most commonly diagnosed cancer and the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide [1,2]. This heterogeneous disease spectrum primarily comprises primary hepatic neoplasms and metastatic liver lesions. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), accounting for 75 %-85 % of primary liver malignancies [3], frequently evades early detection due to its insidious onset, resulting in frequent diagnosis at surg…