Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a chronic cerebrovascular disease characterized by progressive stenosis of the terminal internal carotid artery (ICA) and its proximal branches [1,2]. If not treated in time, it can lead to serious consequences such as death and disability. The specific pathogenesis of MMD is still unclear, and stroke is the main outcome event for patients, with cerebral ischemic symptoms being more common in clinical practice [3,4]. Early identification of risk factors related to cereb…