Clonal proliferation of lymphocytes can result in various malignant lymphomas, including Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). The majority of lymphoma cases (90 %) are NHL, predominantly originating from B cells [1,2]. NHL and HL accounted for 2.8 % and 0.4 % of new cancer diagnoses, and 2.6 % and 0.2 % of cancer-related deaths worldwide, respectively [3]. Identifying high-risk patients at diagnosis is crucial for treatment planning and precision medicine. Various prognostic met…