Comparison of unilateral and bilateral percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage for management of malignant hilar biliary obstruction: Effects on inflammation and outcomes

Biliary obstructions are often caused by benign conditions such as choledocholithiasis (stones in the bile duct) and post-cholecystectomy strictures. However, malignant hilar biliary obstructions (MHBO) are associated with more severe conditions, including cholangiocarcinoma, gallbladder cancer, lymphatic compression, or metastasis. These conditions contribute to the high morbidity and mortality rates associated with biliary obstructions [1,2]. Curative surgical resection is the most effective m…

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