Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a common kidney malignancy, accounting for approximately 2.2 % of all newly diagnosed cancer cases worldwide [1]. Clear cell RCC is the most prevalent histologic subtype, constituting around 75 % of RCC cases [2]. The International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) grading system classifies RCC tumours into four grades, with the degree of nucleolar prominence assessed to determine grades 1–3 and the presence of highly atypical pleomorphic cells and/or sarcomato…