Global interest in air pollution and in research studies has been present for decades.1–3 It is acknowledged as one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide1–5 8.1 million or 11.9 % of deaths are attributed to air pollution which ranks second to high systolic blood pressure in 2021.1,4,5 Air pollution ranks highest in contributing to global disease burden among risk factors and attributing a total of 236.0 million (8.2 %) total disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs).1,4,5